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The ''szlachta'' ((ポーランド語:szlachta), ) was a privileged social class in the Kingdom of Poland. The term ''szlachta'' was also used for the Lithuanian nobility after the union of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania with Poland as the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth (Union of Lublin, 1569) and for the increasingly Polonized nobilities of territories controlled by the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, including Ducal Prussia and the Ruthenian lands. The Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth was a semi-confederated, semi-federated monarchic republic from 1569 until 1795, comprising the Kingdom of Poland and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. The head of state was an elected monarch. The Commonwealth's dominant social class was the nobility. This article chiefly lists the nobility's ''magnate'' segment (the wealthier nobility), as they were the most prominent, famous, and notable. These families would receive non-hereditary 'central' and Land dignities and titles under the Commonwealth law that forbade (with minor exceptions) any hereditary legal distinctions within the peerage. They would later be 'approximated' to honorary hereditary titles in the Partition period with little real-power privileges but would still be venerated among the Polish upper class and the rest of the society as 'senatorial', 'palatinal', 'castellanial' or "dignitarial' families. "''Szlachta''" is the proper term for Polish nobility beginning about the 15th century. Most powerful members of szlachta were known as magnates ("''magnaci''" or the "''magnateria"'' class). A Polish nobleman who lived earlier is referred to as a "''rycerz''" ("knight"); the class of all such individuals is the "''rycerstwo''" (the "chivalry" class). Most powerful members of "''rycerstwo''" were known as "''możnowładzcy''" (the "''moznowładztwo''" class). == By family == Below is a list of most important Polish noble (''szlachta'') families. The families listed are the famous magnates families - ones that had accumulated great wealth and political power, generally preserved across several centuries. Please note that this list is not intended to be a comprehensive list of all szlachta families. For the list of lesser known but still notable Polish noble families, see All names are given first in the singular, then (parenthetically) in the plural. * Chodkiewicz (Chodkiewiczowie)〔Chester S. L. Dunning, Caryl Emerson, Aleksandr Sergeevich Pushkin, ''The Uncensored Boris Godunov'', Univ of Wisconsin Press, 2007, SBN 0299207641, (Google Print, p.498 )〕 * Czartoryski (Czartoryscy)〔 (Czartoryscy ), Encyklopedia WIEM〕 * Lanckoroński (Lanckorońscy)〔Wieslaw Filipczyk, (Charles I the emperor of Austria confirms membership of the Lanckoronski family ), poland.pl〕 * Lubomirski (Lubomirscy)〔Adam Hornecki, ''Produkcja i handel zbożowy w latyfundium Lubomirskich, c.1650–1750'' (Production and Trade in the Lubomirski Latifundium, c.1650–1750 ), PAN: Prace Komisji Nauk Historycznych, Wrocław, 1970〕 * Mielzynski (Mielzynscy) . * Ogiński (Ogińscy) * Ostrogski (Ostrogscy)〔 (Ostrogscy ), PWN Encyklopedia〕 * Ostroróg (Ostrorogowie)〔 (Ostrorogowie ), PWN Encyklopedia〕 * Pac (Pacowie) * Poniatowski (Poniatowscy) * Potocki (Potoccy)〔 (POTOCCY ), Encyklopedia Interia〕〔 (Potoccy ), WIEM Encyklopedia〕 * Radziwiłł (Radziwiłłowie)〔 (RADZIWIŁŁOWIE ), Encyklopedia Interia〕〔 (Radziwiłłowie ), WIEM Encyklopedia〕 * Sapieha (Sapiehowie)〔 (Sapiehowie ), WIEM Encyklopedia〕 * Sanguszko (Sanguszkowie)〔 (Sanguszkowie ), WIEM Encyklopedia〕 * Tarnowski (Tarnowscy)〔 (Tarnowscy ), PWN Encyklopedia〕 * Tęczyński (Tęczyńscy)〔 (Tęczyńscy ), PWN Encyklopedia〕 * Tyszkiewicz (Tyszkiewiczowie) * Wiśniowiecki (Wiśniowieccy) * Zamoyski (Zamoyscy) 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「List of szlachta」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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